The use of the thurstone equal appearing interval scaling method is discussed. Its called equal appearing intervals because when you choose the items for your test see step 6 below, youre picking items equally spaced apart. Moreover, the empirical and clinical potential of thurstone scaling substantially exceeds that of likert and other rating methods. He actually invented three different methods for developing a unidimensional scale. According to thurstone and chave7, the 22 statements having smaller q value and higher scale value were retained in the. A thurstone scale has a number of statements to which the respondent is asked to agree or disagree. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. The thurstone scale interval continuum used is 1 11. Steps involved in creating a scale using thurstones equal. It is made up of statements about a particular issue, and each statement has a numerical value indicating how favorable or unfavorable it is judged to be. Items selected for thurstone scale on dimension 1, electrocomprehension 21 s scale and q semiinterquartile range values of. The scale used in the instrument is the thurstone scale. The purpose of the present experiment was partly to ascertain whether fechners law holds for a certain kind of stimulus but primarily to bring out certain limitations of the method of equalappearing intervals and the ways in which some of them may be overcome. Introduction it is also known as thrustone scale or equal appearing interval scales.
People indicate which of the statements with which they agree and the average response is computed. The thurstone scale is made up of statements about a particular issue and each statement has a numerical value indicating the repsondents attitude about the issue, either favorable or unfavorable. Thurstone, as the thurstone technique of attitude measurement. The thurstone model yields an interval scale of probability for comparative preferences, that is an ordinal, relative scale of the items priority. Simplified successive intervals scaling can be used with any number of stimuli and is as easy to apply as the method of equal appearing intervals. Assemble on cards approximately one hundred such typical opinions. Thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. The method of equal appearing intervals or the thurstone scale is used to measure attitudes of people. As one of the leading scaling theorists of the times, thurstone actually came up with 3 different scales, but when we say thurstone scale, in most cases we mean the method of equal appearing intervals, which is why the scale is often referred to as the equal appearing interval scale.
Dec, 2015 it is the first formal method designed to measure attitude. The method of equal appearing intervals developed by l. One of the bestknown attitude scales is the equal appearing interval scale developed by thurstone. These pilot scales were also administered along with a social desirability response scale to ensure that students did not respond to scale items in a socially desirable manner. Thurstone was one of the first and most productive scaling theorists. Paper open access the development of a thurstone scale. How to use a thurstone scale survey to measure attitudes. Measuring severity of internet abuse in the workplace. The three methods are thurstone or equalappearing interval scaling, likert or summative scaling, and guttman or cumulative scaling. Psychology definition of method of equalappearing intervals. Thurstone 1959 provides a viable solution for this problem. Samian apabila skala yang kita susun menggunakan model likert maka data yang akan kita peroleh berjenis ordinal, namun apabila kita menghendaki jenis data satu tingkat lebih tinggi atau data interval maka kita dapat menggunakan skala thurstone atau sering juga disebut metode equal appearing interval.
The three methods are thurstone or equalappearing interval scaling, likert or summative. This paper considers an extension of the scale levels to the aggregates of the independent. The scale is intended to provide interval measurement of the attitudes of the respondents, but this presupposes that the items in the scale are measured at the interval level equal appearing, a questionable assumption given the way in which the final scalevalue of each item is derived. It is the first formal method designed to measure attitude. Document resume ed 426 085 thurstones method of equal. Assessment of social skills using a thurstone equalappearing. A research study to create the thurstone scale is described. However, simplified successive intervals scaling does not assume, as does the method of equalappearing intervals. The thurstone scale is built upon the fundamentals of the likert scale, but this method of constructing an attitude scale not only takes value of each item of into consideration while evaluating the final attitude score but also caters. Simplified successive intervals scaling can be used with any number of stimuli and is as easy to apply as the method of equalappearing intervals. Pdf the development of a thurstone scale for identifying. They are similar in that they each measure the concept of interest on a number line. Psychologist stanley smith stevens developed the bestknown classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement.
Thurstone scale is defined as a unidimensional scale that is used to track respondents behavior, attitude or feeling towards a subject only with the use of agree or disagree questions. This kind of scale is used to measure peoples attitude towards a fairly clear and unidimensional concept, using a number of statements that vary in how they. A thorough thurstone scaling by a covariate can reveal a more complicated behaviour of the preferences dependence on another variable. Thurstone scale method of equalappearing intervals logframer.
Thurstones equal appearing interval scale and likert summated rating scale are the two scales that are often used to measure different psychological object, especially subjects attitude. The method of equal interval scaling is another of his methods. General issues in scaling indiana university bloomington. Thurstone s method of pair comparisons can be considered a prototype of a normal distributionbased method for scalingdominance matrices. To illustrate thurstone s approach, ill show you the easiest method of the three to implement, the method of equal appearing intervals. Appearing interval scale 1928 as described by allport 1935 1. Table 2 contains the results of thurstone estimations in different approaches to the flavours positioning on the psychological continuum.
In a ratio scale we can always compare to 0, so 20 years is twice as old as 10 years, whereas on a interval scale 20 is not twice as hot as 10. For distinction here made between opinion and attitude see thurstone, l. Many school districts face the problem of evaluating new programs to train students in ethics and moral decision making. Thurstone scaling sauser major reference works wiley. The present study compared the reliability of likert and thurstone equal appearing interval scales. The method of equalappearing intervals or the thurstone scale is used to measure attitudes of people. There are three methods for collecting data from the judges. Thurstone scaling in order statistics sciencedirect. Get a set of judges to rate the statements in terms of how much they agree with them, from 1 agree least to 11 agree most. Assessment of social skills using a thurstone equal. Jan 30, 2010 thurstone scaling, also known as the method of equal. Even though the theory behind this method is quite complex thurstone, 1927a, the algorithm itself is straightforward.
The development of linear scaling was a goal of thurstone and the method of paired comparisons was one of the techniques he used. Using conventional personality tests in program evaluation may be helpful, but probably will not provide measures for the attitudes that are targeted by the intervention. Metode intervaltampak setara method of equalappearing interval kuliah 02konstruksi alat ukur aries yulianto skala psikologi skala dalam pengukuran psikologi. To illustrate thurstones approach, ill show you the easiest method of the three to implement, the method of equalappearing intervals. Also learn more about administering and the analysis of the the scale along with its characteristics. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of method of equal appearing intervals. Paper open access the development of a thurstone scale for. However, simplified successive intervals scaling does not assume, as does the method of equal appearing intervals, that rating categories or intervals are of equal width. Thurstone scale was designed by psychologist robert thurstone in an attempt to equate interval scale of measurement with the attitude scale and introduce a scale with statements appearing at equal intervals. In this paper in described the construction of an attitude scale by the method of equal appearing intervals. The final form of the thurstone equalappearing interval scale typically contains approximately 2022 statements that are relatively equal in scale value with interquartile ranges as small as practical. The scale discrimination technique, which combines the advantages of thurstones equal appearing scale. The thurstone derived scale was slightly more reliable than its likert counterpart. Semantic differential scale dlm penentuan skor pernyataan scaling, dibedakan menjadi 2.
It was developed by louis leon thurstone in 1928, as a means of measuring attitudes towards religion. Learn more about the steps to implement the thurstone scale survey questions with examples. Thurstone 1928 for constructing quantitative unidimensional attitude measurement instruments. Guttman scale meaning guttman scale definition guttman scale explanation. On the assumption that any attitude involves a continuum ranging from the strongest possible appreciation of a value at one extreme to the strongest possible depreciation of that value at the other, thurstone devised a scaling procedure which. How school districts could use this type of scaling to measure attitudes specific to the design of character education programs is discussed. With the method of equalappearing intervals, the final scale should have statements that cover the range of favorable to unfavorable. Mueller 9 states that thurstone has three scale techniques, but the one used in this study is the method of equal appearing intervals. Logframer allows you to use a thurstone scale to measure an indicator, but developing such a scale is not so simple. It is made up of statements about the particular issues. There are three types of scale that thurstone described.
But they differ considerably in how they arrive at scale values for different items. The classi cation of measurement scales is discussed by stevens 10. Thurstone scale, likert scale and semantic differential. The present study compared the reliability of likert and thurstone equalappearing interval scales. To construct the scale, the researcher selects a number of statements usually about 20 which cover all the possible attitudes towards the topic of the survey. The thurstonederived scale was slightly more reliable than its likert counterpart. Collect a wide variety of opinions relating to it from newspapers, books, or individuals 3. Thurstone makes a measuring instrument with an interval scale, so each item has a different score. Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Thurstone scaling in order statistics stan lipovetsky.
The three methods differed in how the scale values for items were constructed, but in all three cases, the resulting scale was rated the same way by respondents. The first three numeric columns in table 2 present the values of the regular thurstone scaling evaluated by the paired preferences derived from the ranked data. It is also known as method of equal appearing interval. In psychology and sociology, the thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. Implications for use of the scale, limitations of the scale, and directions for future research round out the paper. There are the scale normalized to 01 interval, the probability corresponding to the found. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and is widely. The use of the thurstone equalappearing interval scaling method is discussed. Respondents to the scale endorse just those items with which they agree, and an individual respondents score is calculated as the mean or occasionally median of the items endorsed, such scores being assumed to lie on an interval scale of measurement.
Steps involved in creating a scale using thurstones equal appearing intervals from psyc 421 at liberty university. General issues in scaling research methods knowledge base. Although there are technically three scales, when people refer to the thurstone scale theyre usually talking about the method of equal appearing intervals. Thurstone scale method of equalappearing intervals. Development of thurstone equal appearing interval scales for job performance dimensions the principal output of a multidimensional scaling analysis is a matrix of the scale values projections of each stimulus on. Thurstone scaling, also known as the method of equal. Download pdf show page numbers thurstone scaling is a covering term representing a series of three techniques developed by psychometrician louis l. Intuitive interval scales bogardussocial distance scale. After the scale positions of the stimuli have been determined, the stimuli are presented to research subjects or respondents whose attitudes are then measured. For each statement, plot a histogram of the numbers against which the different judges scored it. Fechners law and the method of equalappearing intervals louis l. Optimal scaling correspondence analysis goodman rc models.
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